When using a Virtual Private Server (VPS), you have the flexibility to choose from a variety of operating systems (OS) depending on your needs and preferences. The choice of OS can impact your server's performance, security, and compatibility with applications. Here’s a list of commonly used operating systems on VPS servers:

### **1. **Linux-Based Operating Systems

**Linux** is a popular choice for VPS servers due to its stability, security, and flexibility. Here are some widely used Linux distributions:

1. **Ubuntu:**

   - **Version:** Available in various versions, such as LTS (Long-Term Support) for stability.

   - **Features:** User-friendly, extensive documentation, large community support.

2. **CentOS:**

   - **Version:** Often used in server environments; based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL).

   - **Features:** Stability and reliability, suitable for enterprise applications.

3. **Debian:**

   - **Version:** Known for its stability and robust package management.

   - **Features:** Extensive repository of packages, reliable for servers.

4. **Fedora:**

   - **Version:** Known for incorporating cutting-edge technologies.

   - **Features:** Latest features and technologies, often used for development environments.

5. **Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL):**

   - **Version:** Commercial distribution with professional support.

   - **Features:** Enterprise-grade support, stability, and security.

6. **Arch Linux:**

   - **Version:** A rolling release system, known for its simplicity and customization.

   - **Features:** Minimalist design, flexible configuration.

7. **OpenSUSE:**

   - **Version:** Offers both Leap (stable) and Tumbleweed (rolling release) versions.

   - **Features:** Versatile and customizable, with strong administrative tools.

### **2. **Windows-Based Operating Systems**

**Windows Server** is a robust choice for applications that are built for the Windows environment. Here are some versions commonly available on VPS:

1. **Windows Server 2019:**

   - **Version:** Latest Long-Term Servicing Channel (LTSC) version.

   - **Features:** Advanced security features, improved performance, and management tools.

2. **Windows Server 2022:**

   - **Version:** The latest version with enhanced security and performance features.

   - **Features:** New features for hybrid cloud integration, improved container support, and advanced security.

3. **Windows Server 2016:**

   - **Version:** Previously popular version, still supported for many applications.

   - **Features:** Includes improvements over previous versions, such as enhanced storage and networking features.

### **3. **Other Operating Systems**

1. **FreeBSD:**

   - **Version:** An open-source Unix-like operating system.

   - **Features:** Advanced networking, performance, and security features.

2. **OpenBSD:**

   - **Version:** Known for its focus on security and code correctness.

   - **Features:** Strong security features and a focus on code correctness.

3. **Alpine Linux:**

   - **Version:** A lightweight Linux distribution designed for security and resource efficiency.

   - **Features:** Minimalistic design, fast boot times, and small footprint.

### **Choosing the Right OS**

When selecting an operating system for your VPS, consider the following factors:

1. **Application Compatibility:**

   - Ensure that the OS supports the software and applications you intend to use.

2. **Performance Requirements:**

   - Choose an OS that provides the necessary performance and resource management for your applications.

3. **Support and Community:**

   - Consider the availability of support, documentation, and community resources.

4. **Security Needs:**

   - Evaluate the security features and update policies of the OS.

5. **Familiarity:**

   - Select an OS that you or your team are familiar with, or one that aligns with your technical expertise.

### **Summary**

1. **Linux-Based OS:** Ubuntu, CentOS, Debian, Fedora, RHEL, Arch Linux, OpenSUSE.

2. **Windows-Based OS:** Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2022, Windows Server 2016.

3. **Other OS:** FreeBSD, OpenBSD, Alpine Linux.

By selecting the right operating system for your VPS, you can optimize performance, security, and manageability based on your specific needs and preferences.